The Central American Integration System (SICA) represents a long-standing initiative aimed at strengthening regional cooperation among member states. However, its implementation has revealed restrictions in the integration of inclusion and human…
This study examines the imbalance in bilateral trade between India and China, which has been marked by a trade deficit on India's side since the early 2000s. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and secondary data sources from academic journals…
The European Union Green Deal and Global Trade: A Constructivist Perspective on Sustainability Norms
The European Union’s Green Deal (EGD) represents a comprehensive policy initiative targeting climate
neutrality by 2050, and its influence is already permeating global trade dynamics. This research examines
the EGD as a paradigm-shifting,…
In South Korea, the implementation of labor norms has been visible, with the internalization of these norms
playing a crucial role. The dynamics and contestation between actors are key drivers that often determine
the outcome of the labor norm…
This research examines how Indonesia and Australia address their respective interests in the electric vehicle (EV) sector through the Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA), conceptualized as an international…
This study examines China’s utilization of the Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective
Capabilities (CBDR-RC) Principle to justify its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris
Agreement. As the world’s largest…
This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
Financial and economic crises, pandemics, border closures, supply chain disrup-tions, wars, political uncertainty have fundamentally changed the way governments view economic development. Broad-based government interventions
are now the order of the…
The transition to the digital economy poses significant challenges to international investment law, which was originally designed for the traditional economy. Current international investment agreements often fail to address developments in the…