Over six decades (1961–2021), Tanzania's agriculture transformed significantly due to population growth, policy shifts, and climate variability. Agricultural land expanded by 52% and arable land by 160%, but rapid population growth (3.38% annually)…
We estimate the impact of international standards certification on the export performance of firms in a developing economy using a unique panel data from Pakistan’s textile and apparel sector. To address endogeneity, we implement a novel…
Pakistan’s exports have remained stagnant despite multiple exchange-rate depreciations. Empirical evidence from product-level data between 2003 and 2024 indicates that changes in the real effective exchange rate and energy tariffs have had limited…
Access to Government Procurement Opportunities (AGPO) Program, launched in 2013 by the Government of Kenya, is an affirmative action programs designed to foster inclusivity and offer the marginalized an opportunity to participate in government…
This study examines how the Common External Tariff (CET) of the East African Community (EAC) affects household welfare in Kenya. The inception of the CET saw a significant reduction in import tariffs, henceforth defined as a trade liberalization…
This study investigated major determinants of import demand in Kenya, using annual time series data on study variables for the period 1970–2020. It disaggregates the expenditure components of national income to investigate how expenditure and…
This study investigates the drivers of traditional (transport, travel, and government services), modern (financial and insurance, and communication), and composite (total, traditional, and modern) service exports in Kenya. Eight autoregressive and…