We estimate the impact of international standards certification on the export performance of firms in a developing economy using a unique panel data from Pakistan’s textile and apparel sector. To address endogeneity, we implement a novel…
Pakistan’s exports have remained stagnant despite multiple exchange-rate depreciations. Empirical evidence from product-level data between 2003 and 2024 indicates that changes in the real effective exchange rate and energy tariffs have had limited…
Positive strides have been made by international institutions and states in reaf rming the need for
women’s empowerment and gender equality. In the eld of international trade law, there has been a wave
of multilateral as well as regional and…
Innovation is recognized as an important catalyst for growth and competitiveness in the global economy, yet its specific impact on firm performance remains inadequately explored, particularly across different sectors in the context of developing…
Pakistan and China have a deep bilateral partnership based on trust, diplomacy, and shared interests. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) are the main pillars of their economic cooperation. However,…
A persistent problem faced by Pakistan has been the balance of payments deficit. The merchandise exports have been considerably lower than the merchandise imports. Pakistan has not been able to move up the quality ladder which is why the exports…