This article examines the impact of mobile money on the labour productivity of firms in nine ECOWAS countries. Using propensity score matching and inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment, we find that firms using mobile money are more…
Positive strides have been made by international institutions and states in reaf rming the need for
women’s empowerment and gender equality. In the eld of international trade law, there has been a wave
of multilateral as well as regional and…
This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
In this chapter, the authors build on the conceptual understanding of the intersection between trade policies and women in developing economies by first clarifying the key points of discussion on whether trade policies help or harm women's interests…
Financial and economic crises, pandemics, border closures, supply chain disrup-tions, wars, political uncertainty have fundamentally changed the way governments view economic development. Broad-based government interventions
are now the order of the…
The transition to the digital economy poses significant challenges to international investment law, which was originally designed for the traditional economy. Current international investment agreements often fail to address developments in the…
The Indo-Pacific has become a key site for legal responses to the global digital economy. While the region includes several advanced digital markets, major differences in infrastructure and regulatory capacity remain. Governments are introducing…
The impact of trade agreements is not gender neutral, as women and men play different roles and enjoy different opportunities in society, markets and the economy. In order to minimize the unintended discriminatory impact of these agreements on women…
L'escalade protectionniste américaine de 2025 menace les économies africaines exportatrices de matières premières à travers l'imposition de droits de douane visant 185 pays. Cette étude quantifie l'impact simulé de chocs tarifaires sur 46 pays…
The digital economy is guiding cross-border business connectivity, market mechanisms, investments, business incubation, and digital public infrastructure cooperation. In the digital economy ecology, developing economies in the Indo-Pacific need to…