Financial and economic crises, pandemics, border closures, supply chain disrup-tions, wars, political uncertainty have fundamentally changed the way governments view economic development. Broad-based government interventions
are now the order of the…
The transition to the digital economy poses significant challenges to international investment law, which was originally designed for the traditional economy. Current international investment agreements often fail to address developments in the…
The Indo-Pacific has become a key site for legal responses to the global digital economy. While the region includes several advanced digital markets, major differences in infrastructure and regulatory capacity remain. Governments are introducing…
The digital economy is guiding cross-border business connectivity, market mechanisms, investments, business incubation, and digital public infrastructure cooperation. In the digital economy ecology, developing economies in the Indo-Pacific need to…
Plurilateralism is gaining recognition as an overarching strategy for international economic governance beyond its traditional role in trade negotiations. This approach involves multi-party, sector-specific agreements within international…
The rise of the digital economy has prompted states to turn to domestic law – including data localization, source code disclosure requirements, digital asset restrictions, and digital services taxes – to address its challenges. Simultaneously,…
According to the World Trade Organization (WTO, 2021), international trade—including the production and transportation of manufactured goods—accounts for 20 to 30 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study examines the relationship…
In recent years, the debate surrounding free trade versus protectionism has intensified, particularly as industrialized countries face increasing competition from emerging economies. This argument is of particular importance to Pakistan which faces…
The Lahore School of Economics macro model estimates that Pakistan's GDP growth for FY 2023-2024 is projected at 1.68%, reflecting ongoing weaknesses in sectoral performance, particularly in large-scale manufacturing, which barely broke even after a…