One of the most critical challenges to achieving sustainable economic growth that all countries are facing is environmental degradation. However, the issue that has received little attention in the debate on the environmental impact of macroeconomic…
L'escalade protectionniste américaine de 2025 menace les économies africaines exportatrices de matières premières à travers l'imposition de droits de douane visant 185 pays. Cette étude quantifie l'impact simulé de chocs tarifaires sur 46 pays…
This paper asks how recent geopolitical ruptures affect regional economic performance in West Africa, where a sequence of military coups in Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Niger, together with the intensification of cross-border terrorism, has…
This research paper explores the dynamic relationship between trade openness, financial development, and economic growth in Lesotho. The study utilizes quarterly time series data spanning from 1970 to 2021, obtained from the Central Bank of Lesotho.…