Growth prospects in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (MENAAP) are improving, in line with global trends, but conflict, fragility, and displacement remain persistent challenges. Regional GDP is projected to grow by 2.8% in…
This empirical study aims to investigate the effects of political instability on economic volatility and monetary policy conduct. The econometric methodology adopted is the Panel Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (PARDL). The instability variable was…
The European Union (EU) has long been Tunisia’s leading trade partner. Bilateral trade increased sharply after Tunisia and the EU signed an Association Agreement in 1995 aimed at creating a free trade area for goods, excluding agricultural and…