About two years ago, the world was hit by a major unexpected shock: the COVID-19 pandemic. While this health and economic crisis has had, and continues to have, a severe impact on European citizens and businesses, the euro area banking sector has so…
In this paper we evaluate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown policies on Tunisia’s supply chains. We estimate a Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood model using data on bilateral imports for intermediate, capital, and final goods for the years 2019 and…
The aim of this article is to analyze the degree of resilience of the Beninese economy in the face of the double shock of the border closure and the health crisis. The methodology adopted is both analytical and empirical. Data are drawn from…