According to the World Trade Organization (WTO, 2021), international trade—including the production and transportation of manufactured goods—accounts for 20 to 30 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study examines the relationship…
This paper assesses debt sustainability in Tunisia using the Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA). We construct three hypothetical scenarios (A, B and C) over the period 2023-2027. The first two scenarios are called Business as usual approaches. In…
This paper analyzes the link between joining global value chains (GVCs) and firms’ environmental performance. Based on new survey data for firms in countries in Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and MENA, we use propensity score matching (PSM) to…
In the Sahel, regional climatic trends show an overall rise in temperature, coupled with an erratic trend in rainfall. Moreover, the region faces a growing number of natural disasters, the frequency and intensity of which are expected to further…
This brief article explores six overarching themes on the triumphs of the past years as well as strategies to tackle the remaining obstacles for Africa in relation to climate related conflict in the Sahel.