The Central American Integration System (SICA) represents a long-standing initiative aimed at strengthening regional cooperation among member states. However, its implementation has revealed restrictions in the integration of inclusion and human…
The finite nature of certain fossil fuels, which are essential inputs in production, imposes a substantial constraint on the economy's long-term growth potential. This paper develops an endogenous directed technical change model under uncertainty…
AbstractThis study examines the impact of exports, imports, and trade openness on Namibia’s economic growth using the ARDL cointegration method. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between imports and economic growth, while…