Abstract: After lengthy and tough negotiations, China became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, which is widely considered as a landmark economic event in modern world history. The WTO accession marked a milestone of China’s…
Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have reduced trade costs providing enterprises greater opportunity to access international markets. Using the World Bank's enterprise survey data covering more than 180 000 enterprises from…
International arbitration institutions have been requested to administer an increasing number of investment disputes. In investment arbitration, a responding state usually stipulates its standing offers to arbitrate in the bilateral investment…
The Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (hereinafter “FCTC”) is the first treaty aiming to combat the tobacco epidemic under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO). This multilateral convention seeks to pursue the highest public…
Concerns have been raised over the utilization of third-party funding in investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). This paper aims to examine how the tribunals deal with the arguments raised by the respondents in the proceeding and evaluate whether…