This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
This study uses both qualitative case study method and quantitative survey design to understand the existing digital landscape of trade in Nepal. The study carried in two custom points Kerung and Sunauli border shows that proper digital border…
Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on…
At World Trade Organization (WTO), nothing is agreed until everything is agreed and until everyone agrees at the negotiating tables, and that ‘magic’ moment has been difficult to arrive at. Some WTO Members have argued that if all Members cannot…
International arbitration institutions have been requested to administer an increasing number of investment disputes. In investment arbitration, a responding state usually stipulates its standing offers to arbitrate in the bilateral investment…